| 1834 |
Franz Xaver Gabelsberger (Germany) published his main work 'Enleitung zur deutschen Redezeichenkunst oder Stenographie', and in 1843 he published 'Neue Vervollkommungen' i.e. New improvements in which he set the basis of creating reduced signs based on linguistic and logical rules. |
| 1837 |
Isac Pitman (England) introduced his Phonography - a steno method based on geometric signs which was widely spread all over the English speaking countries. |
| 1858 |
Michael Ivanin (Russia) published a book "About stenography or the art of fast writing and its appliance to the Russian Language". In its review of the book the magazine "Contemporary" wrote:"…it (stenography) is mostly used where there is freedom of speech…" In March 1860 the first public demonstration of stenography took place. The dispute between academician Pogodin and professor Kostomarov about the origins of Russia was reported. |
| 1866 |
Emil Duploye (French) published his programme which read: "The aim we are striving at is to give writing which would be much better than common writing because of its simplicity and swiftness…'. Since 1869 he published the journal "Stenographer", and in 1872 he founded "Stenography Institute of the two Worlds (The New World and the Old World)". |